Vocabulary
Looking Good, Feeling Good
- __________an increase in body temperature with a reduction
of body fluids.
- __________heat-related problem in which certain muscles
contract involuntarily and cause pain.
- __________condition characterized by profuse sweating,
dizziness, and extreme weakness.
- __________medical emergency characterized by hot, dry skin
and a rising body temperature.
- __________excessive decline in body temperature.
- __________a 10- to 15-minute period during which the body
is prepared for vigorous exercise.
- __________a 10- to 15-minute period of mild exercise
following vigorous exercise that allows the body and heart rate to return
to normal.
- __________an inflammation of the membrane on the front of
the bones in the lower leg.
- __________a large muscle in the upper abdomen
- __________sharp pain in the side just under the ribs.
- __________exposing the muscles, joints, and cardiovascular
and respiratory systems to more work and stress than is normally
experienced
- __________the three ways to achieve overload in a physical
fitness program—frequency, intensity, and time
- __________how often one should exercise to improve a
component of physical fitness
- __________how hard one should exercise to improve fitness
- __________how long one exercises to improve fitness.
- __________progressively increasing the level of exercise
so that improvement in physical fitness will continue
- __________doing specific exercises to improve specific
components of physical fitness in specific body parts.
- __________point at which 2 bones come together
- __________strong, fibrous tissue which attaches one
bone to another
- __________meaty tissue surrounding bones
- __________soft tissues that anchor muscles to bones
- __________slowly moving a muscle to its stretching point
and holding the position for 15 seconds
- __________stretching done in continuous, slow, and
controlled manner.
- __________stretching that involves bobbing, bouncing or
jerky movements which use the body's momentum
- __________form of stretching in which a partner pushes the
body beyond the initial limit.
- __________caused by pressure of blood on an artery wall;
corresponds to heart beat.
- __________heart rate just after waking in the morning,
before getting out of bed
- __________heart rate after exercise
- __________measure of blood force against the walls of the
arteries
- __________condition in which fatty deposits build up on
inner walls of arteries, causing narrowing of the arterial passageway.
- __________heart rate that should not be exceeded during
exercise; found by subtracting one's age from 220.
- __________60 to 90 percent of the maximum heart rate;
results in greatest cardiovascular benefits from exercise.
- __________“with oxygen;” term refers to energy-producing
biochemical pathways in cells that use oxygen to produce energy.
- __________“without oxygen;” term refers to energy
producing biochemical pathways in cells that do not require oxygen to
produce energy.
- __________the wasting away or decrease in size of a body
part, particularly muscle.
- __________red muscle fibers that are slow to contract but
have the ability to continue contracting for long periods of time.
- __________muscle fibers that possess a combination of the fast
and slow-twitch fiber characteristics.
- __________white muscle fibers that contract quickly.
- __________shortening of a muscle due to contraction; also
called positive work
- __________lengthening of a muscle; also called negative
work.
- __________exercises
in which one contracts muscles but does not move body parts
- __________exercises
in which a muscle lengthens and shortens through its full range of
movement while lowering and raising a resistance
- __________exercises
with special machines that allow for the maximum resistance over the
complete range of motion
- __________the
completion of a single, full-range movement of the body part being
exercised
- __________working
against a force which may be in the form of a barbell or your own body
weight
- __________a
group of repetitions performed one after the other.
- __________diets that promote weight loss without sound
nutritional practices.
- __________essential nutrients needed for growth and repair
of body tissues.
- __________essential nutrients that are the body's primary
source of energy.
- __________fats contained in animal products.
- __________fats found in plant sources.
- __________Unsaturated vegetable oils which have had
hydrogen added to them, producing a fat that worsens blood cholesterol,
since it increases blood LDL and lowers blood HDL.
- __________Classifies
carbohydrates by how strongly and quickly they cause a person’s blood
glucose level to rise
- __________high
density lipoprotein which helps remove excess cholesterol.
- __________low
density lipoprotein which leads to a buildup of cholesterol on artery
walls
- __________essential
nutrients needed in small amounts to prevent deficiencies and diseases in
the body.
- __________vitamins
that can be stored in fat deposits in the body; vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- __________vitamins
that dissolve in water and cannot be stored in body tissues.
- __________a
visual guideline established by U.S. Department of Agriculture to ensure
that all of the essential nutrients are included in the daily diet.
- __________amount
of energy required to maintain one's body at rest.
- __________body type.
- __________body type with a large, soft, bulging body and a
pear-shaped appearance.
- __________body type with a solid, muscular, and
large-boned physique.
- __________body type with a slender, slight build.
- __________ratio of fat to muscle, bone, and other body
tissues.
- __________mass of the body made up of muscle tissue and
other non-fat tissue such as bones, ligaments, and tendons.
- __________exceeding
desirable body weight by 10 percent according to height and weight charts
- __________having
an excessive amount of body fat.
- __________how
much a person would weigh if he or she had an appropriate percentage of
body fat.
- __________device
used to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of body fat.
- __________gaining
of fat very slowly over a period of years.
- __________eating
disorder in which a person refuses to eat normally, resulting in extreme thinness
and even starvation.
- __________eating disorder characterized by overeating
followed by self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or very strenuous
exercise to avoid weight gain
- __________myth that exercising muscles in a particular
area of the body will remove fat from that area
- __________nonspecific response of the body to any demand
made upon it.
- __________(eustress) good stress
- __________(distress) bad stress.
- __________events, situations, or activities that cause
stress.
- __________internal balance of the body.
- __________involuntary physical response to a stressor that
gives an individual the capacity for sudden and quick action.
- __________body’s response to a specific stressor in a
sequence of three steps (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion).
- __________what
initiates the alarm stage in stress.
83. __________chemical
secreted by the adrenal glands which moves the body into the fight or flight
response.
- __________knowing
how to organize your time.
- __________those
activities, both active and passive, that reduce or divert stress.
- __________strategies
to help deal with stress that cannot be avoided.
- __________those responses that ease or disguise the
symptoms of stress and that are harmful to an individual and those around
him or her.
- __________person who buys goods and services.
- __________to describe or present a product in some medium
of communication in order to induce one to buy, support, or approve of it.
- __________drugs used to control accumulation of fluids in
body tissues, congestive heart failure, and high blood pressure.
- __________accumulation of fluid in body tissues.
- __________deceit or trickery used to gain some unfair or
dishonest advantage.
- __________synthetic version of the male sex hormone, testosterone
- __________certified fitness professional who designs
personal fitness programs
- __________pre-determined programs that include specific
exercises for persons of specific fitness levels or ages.
- __________aerobic dance that includes jumping, bouncing,
and running.
- __________aerobic dance that includes vigorous arm
movements while keeping one foot in contact with the ground at all times.
- __________exercises that use one's body weight as
resistance.
- __________an exercise program in which one makes one or
more trips around a prescribed course, stopping at each station to perform
a specified exercise.
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- __________exercise program that involves a series
of exercises interspersed with rest periods.
- __________activities that help develop sports skills and
satisfy the need for competition.
- __________individual sports that can be engaged in for a
lifetime.
- __________the
range of movement possible at various joints
- __________ability
of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen and
nutrients to the muscles during exercise.
- __________ability
of muscles to exert a force one time.
- __________ability
to use muscles for a long period of time.
- __________how much a person would weigh if he or she had
an appropriate percentage of body fat
- __________methods used to keep stress under control